Introduction Indigenous musical instruments are culturally significant and are used to represent communal values, identity, and traditions. In many rural areas, these instruments are traditionally made from locally accessible agricultural materials including calabash, bamboo, gourds, and coconut shells. This study investigates how bringing back the technique of creating these instruments benefits rural artisans economically while also preserving cultural traditions. Communities can contribute to a circular economy by turning agricultural waste into value-added products by using sustainable, agro-based resources. The study emphasizes how indigenous craftsmanship can be adopted to revitalize the economy and culture while fusing traditional knowledge with contemporary approaches to sustainable development and rural empowerment. Methodology This research is a qualitative case study methodology, which includes interviews with traditional craftspeople, and cultural practitioners. The instrument-making procedures was documented through material analysis and field observations, while the data was evaluated thematically to determine the cultural importance, economic impact, and sustainability of employing agricultural materials in instrument creation. Results and discussion Findings of this study reveal that, local agricultural materials are used to make indigenous musical instruments, which have a major positive impact on rural economic development and cultural preservation. Communities reported a renewed interest in traditional music, while artisans reported higher revenue from local sales and cultural festivals. Ecologically sustainable materials such as coconut shells, bamboo, and calabash were easily accessible. Wider adoption is hampered by issues like restricted market access, the decline of traditional skills, and a lack of institutional backing. Largely, there was considerable potential for fostering sustainable livelihoods and cultural continuity in rural communities through the incorporation of agricultural resources into instrument-making. Conclusion This research concludes that the production of indigenous instruments from agricultural materials promotes cultural revival, a circular economy and as well boosts rural economies. It is advised that the government and non-governmental organizations give craftsmen access to markets, funding, and training in order to maintain this result. Traditional knowledge may be preserved for future generations and economic prospects can be further enhanced by promoting cultural education and incorporating these skills into music education, tourism, and entrepreneurship education. Keywords: Musical instrument, Circular Economy, indigenous instruments,
Adeyeye Adegorioye Oluwole, Adeyeye Adeola Abosede